Catholic University Of America Research Articles

John Henry Newman and the Development of Doctrine: Encountering Change, Looking for Continuity. By StephenMorgan. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 2021. Pp. xviii, 318. $75.00.

John Henry Newman and the Development of Doctrine: Encountering Change, Looking for Continuity. By StephenMorgan. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 2021. Pp. xviii, 318. $75.00.

New Deal and Postwar Era Labor Collections At The Catholic University of America

ABSTRACT The Special Collections at The Catholic University of America in Washington, DC, is home to a large archive of records and documents related to the Catholic Church and social justice. These include the papers of several notable Catholic lay labor leaders, such as Philip Murray and John Brophy, as well as several “labor priests,” in particular Msgr. John A. Ryan and Bishop Francis J. Haas, who articulated Church support for workers’ rights. Additionally, there are the organizational records of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) prior to their 1955 merger with the American Federation of Labor (AFL) to form the AFL-CIO. Many Catholics, including Murray and Brophy, were significant CIO leaders.

Christopher Dawson: A Cultural Mind In The Age of the Great War by Joseph T. Stuart, The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C., 2022, pp. xv + 454, £ 31.50, pbk

New BlackfriarsVolume 104, Issue 1112 p. 489-492 Reviews CHRISTOPHER DAWSON: A CULTURAL MIND IN THE AGE OF THE GREAT WAR by Joseph T. Stuart, The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C., 2022, pp. xv + 454, £ 31.50, pbk FERNANDO CERVANTES, Corresponding Author FERNANDO CERVANTES [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0003-4632-7618 University of Bristol, England Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author FERNANDO CERVANTES, Corresponding Author FERNANDO CERVANTES [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0003-4632-7618 University of Bristol, England Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author First published: 20 June 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/nbfr.12842Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Volume104, Issue1112July 2023Pages 489-492 RelatedInformation

Inclusive Language in Scientific Writing.

Rita H. Pickler, PhD, RN, FAAN is Editor of Nursing Research.https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9299-5583 Deborah Chyun, PhD, RN, FAHA, FAAN is Member, Editorial Board of Nursing Research, and Dean and Professor, University of Connecticut School of Nursing, Storrs, CT. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3284-5895 Nalini Jairath, PhD, RN is Member, Editorial Board of Nursing Research, and Associate Professor, Conway School of Nursing, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1887-0595 Acknowledgement: Parts of this editorial were included in a presentation by the authors at the Eastern Nursing Research Society Conference, Philadelphia, PA, March 2023 The Authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. Address for Correspondence: Rita H. Pickler, PhD, RN, FAAN, The FloAnn Sours Easton Professor of Child and Adolescent Health, Director, PhD & MS in Nursing Science Programs The Ohio State University College of Nursing, 1577 Neil Avenue Columbus, OH 43210, Phone: (614) 292-5265; Email: [email protected]

A multi-dimensional reality: Carol Lally Shields.

“The question isn’t who’s going to let me; it’s who is going to stop me.” - Ayn Rand The legendary woman who truly epitomizes the above quote is Dr. Carol Lally Shields with her perfect work–life balance and go-getter principle. With her dynamism, she has created an unprecedented universe of ocular oncology along with her husband, Dr. Jerry A. Shields, which is unparalleled and unique. The word dimension is derived from the Latin word dimetiri which means “to measure out.” However, the life-long work and efforts of Dr. Carol Lally Shields are beyond measure, and she has played a cardinal role in several lives due to her multi-dimensional personality which she has gracefully adorned. “There is no limit to what we, as women, can accomplish.” – Michelle Obama On July 8, 1957, in Sharon, Pennsylvania, was born a force of vivacity, Carol Lally. After graduating from Kennedy Christian High School in 1975, she pursued an undergraduate education at the University of Notre Dame (1975–1979). The first dimension that she truly and religiously embraced was academics. Since childhood, she has been limitless and has aced all the phases of her life with determination, persistence, and an in-depth approach to acquiring knowledge. At the University of Notre Dame, she embraced her second dimension – athletics. She set an exquisite example of maintaining an ideal balance between academics and athletics by playing for the National Collegiate Athletic Association’s (NCAA) women’s basketball team (“The Notre Dame Fighting Irish”) and serving as captain for 3 years [Fig. 1]. She was not only one of the first women to enter the University of Notre Dame but was also the first woman at the university to be awarded the coveted Byron V. Kanaley Award (1979) for excellence in academics and athletics. Following graduation, she contributed by becoming a part of the athletic board at her alma mater and was acknowledged to be the first female alumna to be bestowed with an honorary degree from the University of Notre Dame (May 2005). Her academic–athletic balance has been acknowledged on several occasions by her being awarded The Moose Krause Award (June 2006), given by the university for achievements in athletics, academics, and humanities (the first woman to receive this award), being inducted into the Academic All-American Hall of Fame on June 28, 2011, and being presented the Theodore Roosevelt Award (the “Teddy”) on January 11, 2023—the highest award that the NCAA bestows on a collegiate athlete—for excellence in athletics and career.[1]Figure 1: Dr. Carol Shields playing division 1 college basketball at the University of Notre Dame and serving as team captain for 3 years. She was a high scorer for most of her time at the universityIn 1979, Dr. Carol Shields matriculated to medical school at the University of Pittsburgh and crafted her destiny by entering the residency program at the Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University in 1984. She was determined to be an excellent and dedicated cataract surgeon, and join her older brother Patrick Lally, MD, but destiny drove her to meet her third dimension: Dr. Jerry A. Shields [Fig. 2], who added depth to her life. She stepped in a different historical direction while working on several projects with him.[2] The first and second dimensions were instrumental in her young life, but later, a historical tennis match, a basketball game, ophthalmology discussions and research, and mutual respect brought those two together.[3]Figure 2: (a) A glimpse of the historical date, October 26, 1985 – Wedding of Dr. Jerry A. Shields and Dr. Carol Lally Shields. (b) Many years later, the sacred partnership of the Shields team revolutionized the world of ocular oncologyDr. Carol Shields considers her meeting with Dr. Jerry Shields as the first “life lesson” that changed her direction in life.[4] Their mutual dedication, passion for ophthalmology, and love for each other led to their marriage, which indeed was a major event in the lives of today’s ocular oncologists, as their alliance changed the face of ocular cancers. She pursued her fellowship in ophthalmic pathology and ocular oncology at Wills Eye Hospital; and also completed her fellowship in orbital and eyelid tumors and reconstruction at the Moorfields Eye Hospital (London) between 1987 and 1989. Together, the Shields team curated the best out of each other and this unmatched legendary bond is revered worldwide. “People often only see one side of someone’s personality, but there are levels.” -Ross Lynch Perhaps the most sacred and the fourth dimension of her life includes her seven children. Dr. Shields gives them credit for her unplanned evolution and she maintained a precious family–work balance by paying due respect to her role as a mother and as a clinician. Be it family traditions, family outings, her children’s achievements, education, and entertainment [Fig. 3], the Shields parents were present for nearly all events as a dynamic duo. As Dr. Shields likes to put it, “Mom and Dad should be a team united.”[4]Figure 3: (a) Moments of fun and frolic as a mother in Dr. Carol Lally Shields’s life from 2001. (Left to right) Patrick, Maggie Mae, Nellie and Jerry Jr. Shields. (b) Dr. Carol Lally Shields with her third and fourth dimensions – The Shields Family. (Left to right) Jerry Jr., John, Nellie, Jerry, Carol, Rosie, Maggie Mae, Bill, Patrick ShieldsAccording to Diana Baumrind, a developmental psychologist, there are three styles of parenting: authoritative, permissive, and authoritarian.[5] However, as the Shields w realists and idealists to the core, they have created an exemplary amalgam of all three forms and have ensured the individualized development of all their children, keeping their own identities and personalities intact. Dr. Carol Lally Shields strongly believes that happiness is a state of mind and that for a person to be happy, there must be an absolute blend of pleasure, interpersonal engagement, social relationships, and accomplishments.[4] The process of parenting has given a deeper meaning and dimension to her life. By the end of the day, being a hard-working doctor, the innocent and youthful questions of her children brought her peace, contentment, confidence, and perspective. She considers her wonderful and large family as one of the biggest achievements of her life. Dr. Shields considers her medical school mentor and advisor, Dr. Yvonne Maher (a cardiologist), as the inspirational force behind her work–life balance. The fifth dimension that added meaning to her life is her patients. She believes in granting three wishes for each patient: to save every life, to save every eye, and to save every visual acuity.[2] She has been working day-in and day-out for the same. Her empathetical approach has led to providing impeccable care for her patients, which has helped in comforting and expedited healing. This led to a fulfilling career while she catered to the needs of her patients with humility, honesty, and enthusiasm. The sixth dimension that is pertinent for the successful establishment of the fifth dimension is research. Her organized work–research balance pattern has been able to benefit her patients immensely. The honest and dedicated work of the Shields team has saved thousands of lives [Fig. 4]. Their landmark trials and studies have revolutionized treatment modalities of ocular cancers. They worked with others to pioneer game-changing advancements in retinoblastoma management, including intravenous chemotherapy, intra-arterial chemotherapy, sub-Tenon’s chemotherapy, and intravitreal and intra-aqueous chemotherapy, all of which have increased global survival rates. She has advocated for the early detection and treatment of ocular melanoma and has established custom-designed brachytherapy devices for bypassing the radical measures of management with enucleation.Figure 4: Dr. Shields performing the fine needle aspiration biopsy on an intraocular tumor in 2003Dr. Carol Shields has written nearly 350 chapters and has co-authored 12 landmark textbooks along with Dr. Jerry Shields, including the Atlas of Orbital Tumors, Atlas of Intraocular Tumors, Atlas of Eyelid and Conjunctival Tumors, and Retinoblastoma. Over 2000 manuscripts have been written by the Shields team and this alone is a unique record.[6] Together, they have spearheaded the fight and established international protocols to cure ocular cancers, which are followed worldwide and have benefitted thousands, even beyond their intended target population. Dr. Carol Shields serves on several editorial and advisory boards to improve ocular oncology care worldwide. Learn to value yourself, which means fight for your happiness. - Ayn Rand The seventh dimension is her role as an administrator, entrepreneur, and leader. Her well-framed approach to a doctor’s success is the inclusion of a balance between the “5 As” in professional life, which include – Availability, Affability, Ability, Affordability and Accountability.[4] The struggle is to juggle these different roles. Dr. Shields has been able to recognize the importance of each. She is known for her punctuality and respect for time for her patients and staff with good communication skills and empathy. She cares equally about her responsibility as an entrepreneur and the job satisfaction of her staff members who have played an integral role in her journey. Every woman’s success should be an inspiration to another. We’re strongest when we cheer each other on. - Serena Williams Dr. Carol Lally Shields is currently the Director of the Ocular Oncology Service at Wills Eye Hospital, a Professor of Ophthalmology at Thomas Jefferson University, and a consultant at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. Dr. Sara E. Lally plays an inevitable role as her power-packed associate, and they are an example of women empowering one another [Fig. 5]. Each year, their center provides care to 150 new cases of retinoblastoma and 500 new cases of uveal melanoma.[6] Dr. Shields team’s unflinching support for fellow ophthalmologists at different centers and their diagnosis-related queries have been highly appreciated and respected.Figure 5: Dr. Carol Shields and her associate, Dr. Sara Lally, on a busy day in the operating room in 2022“Personality is an unbroken series of successful gestures.” – F. Scott Fitzgerald The eighth dimension that she embraces and considers important for the propagation of patient care is teaching. Over the last 40 years, she has mentored fellows, residents, interns, and students, all of whom have been trained to provide optimal care and serve patients in different parts of the world. She provides a balanced and regulated learning process to the ones working under her shadow, and makes an attempt to promote individualized growth of all her trainees. The ninth dimension includes her oratory and presentation skills. Thousands of invited talks, named lectures, keynote addresses, instruction courses, and symposia have been applauded worldwide from the Shields at various national and international meetings. Dr. Carol Lally Shields considers documentation and disease coding as important aspects of a professional career and has followed an extremely organized format. It not only provides education to general ophthalmologists and other subspecialties but also helps in spreading awareness regarding rare ocular cancers [Fig. 6]. She has also played a very important role as a leader at the International Society of Ocular Oncology, Macula Society, American Academy of Ophthalmology, and many other meetings.Figure 6: Dr. Carol Lally Shields, in 2023, at a medical conference commenting on a challenging caseThe tenth dimension of her multi-dimensional personality is her belief in God’s presence and strength. She has been able to achieve her goals due to her religious faith and honesty, both for which she is extremely thankful. Numerous rightly deserved laurels have been awarded to Dr. Carol Lally Shields. She is the first female ophthalmologist worldwide to be awarded the Donders Medal for Excellence in Ophthalmology from the Dutch Ophthalmologic Society in The Netherlands for her extensive work in the field of ophthalmology (April, 2003); the Retina Research Award of the Retina Society (October 2006), the Strittmater Award by the Philadelphia Medical Society (June 2010), the Honorary Degree from Catholic University of America (May 2011), the American Academy of Ophthalmology Life Achievement Honor Award (June 2011), Sidney Kimmel Medical College Dean’s Award (2022), and Future Vision Foundation Laureate Award (due in November 2023). Since 2014, Dr. Carol Lally Shields has been a part of “The Ophthalmologist Power List” and was ranked as numero uno (#1) in 2020 and 2023. Her mention in the list of Icons in Ophthalmology, Top Doctor in Pennsylvania, and America’s Best Eye Doctors speak of her universal presence.[7] The world has been limited to three dimensions, with a hypothesis of the existence of a fourth and a fifth dimension. However, Dr. Carol Lally Shields is a living example of the realistic manifestation of a multi-dimensional personality. The beauty of her approach towards the multiple dimensions is that she has mastered the art of making her presence felt in the dimension that requires her the most at that moment. Only ten dimensions have been enlisted above, but she continues to surprise the world with her par-excellence career and performance. Her conscious balanced approach towards life and her ambition, dedication, and persistence are inspiring for all women ophthalmologists who want to live a productive and satisfying life. In her opinion, a perfect work–life balance, self-confidence, and the urge to create a difference are the prime ingredients of a happy and successful life. I am a woman and a warrior. If you think I can’t be both, you’ve been lied to. - Jennifer Zeynab Joukhadar

The politics of Catholic humanitarian aid: missionaries and American relief in Algeria (1942–47)

Abstract This article examines the politics of the Catholic American aid delivered in French-controlled Algeria between 1942 and 1947. Using the archives of the White Fathers (Missionnaires d’Afrique), the Archives Nationales d’Outre Mer and the archives of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops at the Catholic University of America in Washington this article traces how humanitarian relief funds sent in support of missionaries in Algeria altered their status in the colonial order. The article focuses on the transformative aspects of this American intervention in a complex colonial environment. It argues that the American Catholic intervention, with its focus on indigenous patients rather than colonial settlers, renewed older and broader provisions of missionary relief in Algeria. American aid funded missionary work and resourced social work and later aligned Catholic relief with anti-communist activities in France.

The Life of Cardinal Humberto Medeiros of Boston: Whatever God Wants by Richard Gribble, CSC

Reviewed by: The Life of Cardinal Humberto Medeiros of Boston: Whatever God Wants by Richard Gribble, CSC Joseph White The Life of Cardinal Humberto Medeiros of Boston: Whatever God Wants. By Richard Gribble, CSC. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2021. 364pp. $120.00. The honorable tradition of episcopal and clerical biography continues. Having produced biographies of San Francisco Archbishop Edward Hanna, Bishop Vincent McCauley, CSC of East Africa, and significant priests: James Martin Gillis, CSP; Patrick Peyton, CSC; Jake Laboon, SJ; and Nelson Baker, the author examines the life of Cardinal-Archbishop Humberto Medeiros of Boston (1915–1983). Gribble introduces him as “a tragic figure who, due in large measure to his absolute fidelity to God and the magisterium of the Church, experienced much opposition,” especially in Boston. Characteristically “unwavering” in his positions, Medeiros is portrayed as “a significant figure in a difficult time of transition in the Church . . . in the wake of Vatican II and American society.” Making exhaustive use Medeiros’s papers in the relevant archives and an impressive range of published sources for context, Gribble aims to fill “lacunae” in the historical record of the Catholic Church in Boston and the United States. A Portuguese national born in 1915 on Sao Miguel Island in the Azores, Medeiros grew up in a poor and intensely pious Catholic family there. The post-World War I depression prompted his father to find work in the Portuguese community of Fall River, Massachusetts in 1923—the first of three stays. His family joined him there in 1931. Humberto then began public high school. His background as a poor immigrant formed in him the “need to reach out to the poor” that guided him throughout life. In response to his call to diocesan priesthood, the [End Page 91] Fall River diocese assigned him to studies at the Theological College of the Catholic University of America (CUA) in Washington, DC. Ordained a priest in 1946, Medeiros balanced ministry in the Fall River diocese’s parishes, while also pursuing graduate studies in CUA’s very conservative theology graduate program, obtaining the doctorate in 1951. Throughout the volume Medeiros’s understanding of priesthood builds on what he learned in seminary formation by Priests of the Society of St. Sulpice (Sulpicians), who staffed the Theological College. Reflecting their heritage in the French School of Spirituality, a priest’s supernatural identity with Christ clearly separated him from the laity. From this basic view of priesthood, Medeiros later added views of ministry especially those informed by Vatican II. From 1951 Medeiros served Fall River’s Bishop James Connolly, first as secretary then as diocesan chancellor and later also serving as a pastor. When Vatican II opened in 1962, Connolly chose him as his peritus. Attending council sessions expanded Medeiros’s understanding of the Catholic tradition without departing from a basically conservative outlook that rejected dissent. Faithful adherence to the Vatican Council’s pronouncements guided his leadership in church renewal. In 1966, Medeiros was appointed bishop of the new Diocese of Brownsville on Texas’s border with Mexico—an area partitioned from the Corpus Christi diocese. He was thereby tasked to organize a new diocese’s administrative and pastoral services. From his own experience of immigrant life, he served this largely Latino diocese as a compassionate advocate for the poor. Upon arrival there, he had to deal with migrant workers’ strike against local farmers over just compensation and worked to find a mutually satisfactory resolution for both groups. This role led to his appointment to the National Conference of Catholic Bishops’ ad hoc Committee on Farm Labor that in 1970 lent support to the California grape strike. Committee service meant regular travel to visit migrant workers’ camps around the nation and addressing social justice issues. In 1970, to widespread surprise, Pope Paul VI appointed Medeiros archbishop of Boston in succession to the retiring Cardinal Richard Cushing. Though raised in nearby Fall River, Medeiros, lacking an Irish background, received a tepid reception among Boston’s largely Irish ethnic clergy and flock accustomed to the princely style and perks of his predecessors. Raised to the rank of cardinal in 1973, Medeiros held on to his self-effacing and unpretentious ways reflecting his humble...

E. J. Josey: Transformational Leader of the Modern Library Profession

Written by Dr. Renate L. Chancellor, a professor of library and information science at Catholic University of America, E. J. Josey: Transformational Leader of the Modern Library Profession chronicles the life and career of Dr. E. J. Josey, past president of the American Library Association (ALA) and cofounder of the Black Caucus of the American Library Association (BCALA). Using resources from the ALA Archives, North Carolina Central University School of Library and Information Sciences, the University of Pittsburgh Archives, the Savannah State University Library, Portsmouth Public Library, and the Birmingham Public Library Archives, Chancellor shares with readers the progressive growth and evolution of a librarian who wanted to see others succeed and who worked diligently to transform librarianship into a profession truly committed to providing access to library and information services for all people. Chancellor also references Bernard Bass’s theory on transformational leadership, which encompasses idealized influence, intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivation, and individualized consideration in describing the strides Josey made in the library profession and in the community.Born in 1924, Elonnie Junius Josey grew up under the ravages of Jim Crow in Portsmouth, Virginia. The neighborhood in which he lived was segregated; the schools he attended were also segregated and inadequately funded. Access to library services was limited to the Portsmouth Colored Community Library. As a young man during World War II, Josey also experienced racism in the military, which at the time was also segregated. However, despite the challenges of navigating life through spaces filled with prejudice, Josey chose to overcome circumstances and not let circumstances overcome him.According to Chancellor, Josey’s early experiences with racism and hate fueled his passion for diversity, equity, and inclusion. Those same experiences also shaped Josey into a powerful leader and motivator who did not shy away from challenges, preferring instead to face them head-on. Josey’s courage and outspokenness earned him respect from many in the library field but also brought disdain from others who saw him as an agitator and disruptor. He saw this negative reaction as a positive because he recognized that agitation and disruption were sometimes necessary in bringing about change. Chancellor talks about this when discussing Josey’s drafting of a resolution to deny membership in ALA to state library associations that refused to accept African Americans as members. As a result of the resolution, several southern library associations began integrating their membership, including the Georgia Library Association, which admitted Josey as its first African American member.Chancellor also provides other examples of Josey’s crusade for change, including his protest of the South African coalition during the IFLA World Library and Information Congress in Stockholm, Sweden. Having experienced segregation himself, Josey wanted to push for change in how library services were targeted to Black South Africans and implored others in the profession to join him in taking stand against apartheid. In addition, Josey confronted racism within ALA itself, prompting his formation with other African American librarians of the BCALA in 1970.Going further, Chancellor highlights Josey’s career as a library science professor who instilled a sense of justice his students and taught them the importance of equity, advocacy, diversity, and inclusion in library service and in the community. In addition, Josey encouraged his students’ development into library leaders by mentoring, coaching, and serving as role model for transformative leadership.It must be noted, however, that Chancellor’s work is not the first book on Josey. A previous work, E. J. Josey: An Activist Librarian, was published in 1992 by Scarecrow Press and edited by Dr. Ismail Abdullahi, a contemporary and former student of Josey’s. (According to Chancellor’s work, Josey personally recruited Abdullahi into the library science program at the University of Pittsburgh.) Although both Chancellor’s and Abdullahi’s books provide a profound portrait of Josey, they differ in that Abdullahi’s work is not a biography but rather a collection of essays written by people who knew and worked with Josey as a tribute to his hard work and perseverance in the library profession and the positive impact he made on those around him. Some of the contributors to Abdullahi’s work mention how hard Josey worked in recruiting other librarians of color into the profession and finding ways to get financial aid for those who needed it. He was also remembered by some as a great mentor and friend. Regardless of the difference in how the two authors share Josey’s legacy, readers of both books can see that Josey took his profession seriously and was deeply committed to diversity, access, equity, and inclusion.E. J. Josey: Transformational Leader of the Modern Library Profession is a welcome addition to a growing body of work on African American librarians, including The Black Librarian in America, The 21st-Century Black Librarian in America, and The Black Librarian in America: Reflection, Resistance, and Reawakening. It is a well-written and thoroughly researched biographical work that will be of great interest to persons seeking to know more about Josey and the profound leader he was. Most importantly, reading about Josey’s life and leadership skills may serve as a blueprint for librarians and nonlibrarians seeking to become leaders and change agents in the library profession.

The Church of the Dead: The Epidemic of 1576 and the Birth of Christianity in the Americas by Jennifer Hughes

Reviewed by: The Church of the Dead: The Epidemic of 1576 and the Birth of Christianity in the Americas by Jennifer Hughes Julia G. Young, Lidia Ernestina Gómez García, Ramón A. Gutiérrez, J. Michelle Molina, Paul Ramírez, and Jennifer Scheper Hughes Jennifer Scheper Hughes, The Church of the Dead: The Epidemic of 1576 and the Birth of Christianity in the Americas. (New York: New York University Press, 2021. Pp. xviii, 245. $35.00. ISBN 10987654321) Introduction Julia G. Young (The Catholic University of America) In April 1576, a deadly plague of hemorrhagic fever began sweeping through colonial Mexico, claiming almost two million victims—most of them Indigenous—until it subsided in 1581. It was not the first such pandemic, nor was it the most deadly: Indigenous communities had already seen multiple waves of epidemic sickness and death since the arrival of the Spanish in 1519, most famously the 1520 smallpox epidemic. Yet the mortandad, as it was called by the Spanish at the time, brought the population of New Spain to its lowest point yet, and seemed to many to herald a watershed event. The resonance of the 1576 plague, and its impact on the Catholic Church in the Americas, is the subject of Jennifer Scheper Hughes’s The Church of the Dead: The Epidemic of 1576 and the Birth of Christianity in the Americas. After a brief preface (Mortandad: Requiem) in which Scheper Hughes discusses the ways that the demographic collapse of indigenous populations in the Americas has profoundly marked the geological record, the book’s Introduction (Eccelsia ex mortuis: Mexican Elegy and the Church of the Dead) describes the key questions under study. It asks how American Christianity was shaped by the “epidemic cataclysm” and argues that the epidemic was a formative event for the Church in the Americas. The aim of the book, according to Scheper Hughes, is to explore the “religious ideas, practices, emotions, and structures that emerged in response to the mortandad” for both Spanish and Indigenous people (p. 2). While the Spanish felt “apocalyptic despair” at the collapse of the Indigenous population (p. 5), Scheper Hughes argues that Indigenous people responded with “survivance” (a term that combines the concepts of ‘survival’ and ‘resistance’). Indeed, she asserts, “. . . the Mexican church endured the mortandad because communities of Indigenous Christians asserted a rival theological and institutional scaffolding that carried into the [End Page 151] future” (p. 7). By centering the Indigenous role in this history, Scheper Hughes challenges the myth that Europeans were the sole drivers of Christianization of the Americas. Rather, Indigenous people played an active role in shaping Christianity from the Colonial period onward. To substantiate her arguments, Scheper Hughes draws on a wealth of primary sources in Spanish and Nahuatl; these include 135 unpublished letters written by church officials in New Spain between 1576 and 1581, as well as Indigenous Mexican texts, especially indigenous-authored maps. In her analysis, Scheper Hughes takes a theological approach that includes a “search for densely layered meaning in reference to the long Christian tradition” (pp. 26–27). The rest of the book is structured in two parts. The first part, Ave Verum Corpus: Abject Matter and Holy Flesh contains two chapters. Chapter 1, Theologica Medicinalis: Medicine as Sacrament of the Mortandad, analyzes missionary writing in order to describe how religious orders came to see themselves as medical practitioners responsible for saving the bodies—and therefore the souls—of Indigenous people. The processes of conversion (religious conversion) and conservación (preservation) became inextricably linked in the minds of Spanish priests, friars, and bishops in Mexico. Chapter 2, Corpus Coloniae Mysticum: Indigenous Bodies and the Body of Christ describes how the Spanish in Mexico “reimagined and remade” the preexisting theology of the mystical body of Christ “in response to the spiritual and political demands of the emerging global imperial church” (p. 64). In particular, they developed specific interpretations of blood, autopsies, and a concept of indigenous people as the feet of the body of Christ, all of which incorporated the dramatic reality of the mortandad. The second part of the book, Roads to Redemption and Recovery: Cartographies of the Christian Imaginary also contains two chapters...

Digital Scholarship in the Field of Church History

Digital Scholarship in the Field of Church History Laura Morreale, Jennifer Paxton, Joel Kalvesmaki, Jeanne-Nicole Mellon Saint-Laurent, Miri Ribin, and Stephen M. Koeth C.S.C. HMML Authority File. Hill Museum and Manuscript Library. HMML Authority File. 2002. https://haf.vhmml.org. Julia Hillner, Dirk Rohmann, et al. The Migration of Faith: Clerical Exile in Late Antiquity. 2018. https://www.clericalexile.org. Rowan Dorin. Corpus Synodalium: Local Ecclesiastical Legislation in Medieval Europe. 2021. https://www.corpus-synodalium.com. Maria Mazzenga. The American Catholic History Research Center. The Catholic University of America. American Catholic History Classroom. 2022. https://cuomeka.wrlc.org. As we enter the third decade of the twenty-first century, the economy of knowledge exchange is now securely situated in the online medium. As the landscape of academic knowledge sharing continues to shift, scholars now rely upon the online medium in their everyday working lives, even if they do not consider themselves digital scholars. Every time a scholar searches through a database or internet-based catalogue from the library, he or she is entering into a computer-based approach to knowledge acquisition and production. The powers afforded to us by digital tools in turn shape our expectations about how we work; likewise, the more born-digital material we consume, the more likely it is that we will expand upon and express our scholarship in digitally-inflected formats. Online academia has changed how we receive, reuse, and cite scholarship in our own subfields. Nowadays, we are more likely to follow up on a footnote by searching for pdfs in an online library than to spend hours in the periodical reading room of the brick-and-mortar one, searching out those same materials. Additionally, we also rely upon born-digital finding aids, curated online corpora, and even projects that explore a particular research question that might open the door to other avenues of scholarly activity. Electronic communication has transformed how we share knowledge because it is both instantaneous and remains open to ongoing modification. No matter how analogue one’s practice may be, scholarly ideas are now shared, refined, and expressed in a digital world. Like colleagues in all scholarly communities, historians of the Church have witnessed the proliferation of computer-based work, and many have come to depend upon resources and research outputs that are available only in online formats. Although this scholarship does indeed trace its origins to traditional forms of research and learning and shares many of its same motivations, digital work is distinctive in a number of ways. With the power to organize and present large amounts of data, it is also interactive, communal, and team based, and it promotes accessible and open knowledge sharing. Given the importance of digital scholarship, it should [End Page 132] be more fully incorporated into systems of rewarding scholarly productivity, and those who produce it should be granted due recognition. With this in mind, the editorial board of the Catholic Historical Review is adding a review section for born-digital scholarship that addresses the journal’s purview, that is, “the history of the universal Church.” What is digital scholarship?1 Since peer review remains fundamental to all serious intellectual endeavors, the CHR section dedicated to born-digital scholarship both recognizes these newer expressions of knowledge and integrates them within the more traditional format of the scholarly journal review. Digital work is not an either/or proposition. It does not replace previous forms of scholarship, but rather accompanies and relies upon them even as it ushers in and facilitates new ways of considering, aggregating, and analyzing the materials that serve as witness to our collective pasts. Digital scholarship transcends mere digitization or database construction; instead, scholars are now using online tools and resources to study previously unknown or inaccessible materials and to use older sources in ways that were previously unimagined. Like many approaches to scholarship, machine-aided historical analysis has its own backstory. An AHA-sponsored blog post from the early 2000s put forth an early definition of digital history with an emphasis on the analytical possibilities of the medium as well as its power to disseminate information.2 Over time, the origin story of digital history has...

From the Liturgical Movement to Pope Francis's Desiderio desideravi : Frederick McManus and His German Colleagues United in Liturgical Formation and Reform

ABSTRACT: The 2023 McManus Lecture, delivered at The Catholic University of America, honors the prominent canonist and liturgist Monsignor Frederick R. McManus by highlighting his liturgical expertise and merits for the liturgical renewal. McManus notably cooperated with his German colleagues in Trier, Johannes Wagner as the head of the German Liturgical Institute, and Balthasar Fischer, the first chair of liturgical studies in Germany. Based on their letters kept in the archive of the Liturgical Institute in Trier, one can see how these important figures of the liturgical renewal became acquainted at international liturgical study meetings in 1956/60, cooperated as consultants for drafting Sacrosanctum Concilium , engaged in the liturgical reform of the Mass and the baptismal rites, and worked together in promoting liturgical studies. These three protagonists were part of the larger context of the liturgical movement as it existed between Germany and the United States in the early liturgical movement, in which Virgil Michel and immigrants brought ideas from Europe/Germany to the United States and adapted them. While the relationship first was one of influence and support, in the later liturgical movement it became one of cooperation. Pope Francis has recalled our attention to the liturgical movement in Desiderio desideravi , which demonstrates the enduring relevance of these three protagonists and the liturgical formation to which they have contributed.

Tribute: John Thomas Ford, C.S.C. (1932–2021)

TributeJohn Thomas Ford, C.S.C. (1932–2021)* Dr. Kenneth L. Parker The field of newman studies suffered the loss of a great scholar and mentor when Fr. John Ford, CSC passed from this life. He died peacefully on 29 December 2021 at Holy Cross House in Notre Dame, Indiana, after a protracted struggle with cancer, and a short bout with COVID, from which he was thought to have recovered. We do not begrudge him the next stage of his journey toward the Beatific Vision; yet, we mourn the loss of his encouraging presence, even as we celebrate the achievements of his life. Though he is best known among us as a leading North American scholar of the life, work, and influence of John Henry Newman, his life story reflects a diversity of interests and the many ways he influenced those who came into contact with him. While this tribute can only touch the surface of his rich and varied life, it is an effort to share with you some of the reasons to be thankful for Fr.John Ford's well-lived life, and to remember with gratitude his generosity of spirit and Christian example. John Thomas Ford was born on 21 November 1932 in Dallas, Texas, and was the only child of Thomas and Leonara (Senn) Ford. He attended elementary school at St. Vincent's School, led by the Sisters of the Holy Cross in Logansport, Indiana, and graduated from Logansport High School in 1950. While attending the University of Notre Dame, Fr. Ford received his call to serve God as a Holy Cross priest and entered the Holy Cross Novitiate in Jordan, Minnesota on 15 August 1951, professed final vows on 16 August 1955, and was ordained a Holy Cross priest on 10 June 1959. After graduating from the University of Notre Dame in 1955 with a bachelor's degree in philosophy, he went on to Holy Cross College in Washington, DC to earn his master's degree in theology in 1959. In 1962, Fr. Ford received his doctorate in theology from the Gregorian University in Rome. In 1962, Fr. Ford taught theology at the University of Notre Dame and served as Prefect in Cavanaugh Hall before he left that fall to teach at Holy Cross College in Washington, DC until 1967. In 1964, he was appointed Assistant Superior at the Foreign Mission Seminary and later became Superior until 1968. From 1968 to 2018, Fr. Ford served on the faculty at Catholic University of America (CUA), in Washington, DC. [End Page 101] I first came to know Fr. Ford toward the end of his years as Chair of the Department of Theology at CUA (1977–1983). I was writing my PhD thesis under the supervision of Eamon Duffy at Cambridge University and anxious to find academic employment. Having applied unsuccessfully for a position in the history of Christian spirituality in his department, I wrote to Fr. Ford to ask advice on how to improve my application materials. He responded with a generous suggestion that we meet when he was in England later that year. He spent a day with me, offering sage advice and encouragement that saw me through the difficult process of beginning an academic career. My experience is but a single example of many lives he touched in that way. As the director of 63 dissertations, 16 on John Henry Newman, he knew the fears and frustrations of the young and managed their struggles with a pastoral touch. A notable dimension of Fr. Ford's life work was his passion for ecumenical dialogue. In the post-conciliar era, he served as a member of the United Methodist/Roman Catholic Bilateral Dialogue (1971–1977), the Faith and Order Commission of the National Council of Churches (1981–2011), the Roman Catholic observer-consultant for the Consultation on Church Union (1974–1988) and its Theology Commission (1982–1985), and the Reformed/Roman Catholic International Consultation (1987–1988). His work in the field of ecumenism was recognized in 2014 by the Franciscan Friars of the Atonement with their Paul Wattson Christian Unity Award. His graduate students benefited from his ecumenical work through his course on The History...

Roman Pucinski: A Daughter's Memoir

Abstract The daughter of Roman and Aurelia Bordin Pucinski, Aurelia Marie Pucinski earned a baccalaureate degree in history from Catholic University of America in Washington, DC, and a JD from DePaul University College of Law in Chicago. In 2004, she became a judge on the Cook County (Illinois) Circuit Court and in 2010 gained election to a seat on the Illinois Appellate Court. As the daughter of Roman Pucinski and a community activist in her own right, she provides in this memoir an intimate “insider” look at her father's work as a congressman and an alderman and in the Polish community, as well as that of her grandmother, Lidia Pucinski.

Contributors

Kathleen Donegan is associate professor of English and Daniel E. Koshland Distinguished Chair in Writing at the University of California, Berkeley. She is author of Seasons of Misery: Catastrophe and Colonial Settlement in Early America (2014), which explores the relationship between suffering and violence in the early English colonial settlement period and argues that the first forms of colonial subjectivity and literature appeared out of this catastrophic relationship. She is currently working on a project titled “The Spectral Plantation: The Other Worlds of Slavery,” which traces the “other worlds” enslaved people created, having been unworlded by the conditions of their enslavement. It explores four modes of departure from within the plantation complex—haunting, madness, obeah, and music.Marta Fernández Campa is a literary scholar whose research and writing focus on the creative processes of writers and visual artists, in particular, their critical inquiries into historical archives and notions of archiving. She is a former Fulbright and Leverhulme Fellow and has published her work in Caribbean Literature in Transition, volume 3, and in the journals Callaloo, Comma, Small Axe, and Anthurium, among others. She serves as special projects editor at Caribbean InTransit.Lorna Goodison is a major figure in world literature. She was Poet Laureate of Jamaica (2017–20) and was awarded the 2019 Queen’s Gold Medal for Poetry. Other awards for her work include the Windham-Campbell Literature Prize for Poetry from Yale University, the Commonwealth Poetry Prize, the Musgrave Gold Medal from Jamaica, and the British Columbia National Award for Canadian Non-Fiction, one of Canada’s largest literary prizes, for From Harvey River: A Memoir of My Mother and Her People (2007). In addition to the memoir, she is the author of twelve books of poetry (her Collected Poems was published in 2017), three collections of short stories, and a recent collection of essays. Goodison is professor emerita at the University of Michigan, where she was Lemuel A. Johnson Professor of English and African and Afroamerican Studies.Warren Harding is Deans’ Faculty Fellow and visiting assistant professor of Africana studies at Brown University, where he earned his PhD in Africana studies and AM in comparative literature. He studies twentieth-century Black Caribbean women writers and cultural producers. More broadly, he is interested in ways of reading African and Caribbean diasporic literary cultures that enhance comparative geographic, feminist, and humanistic inquiry and learning.Aaron Kamugisha is Ruth Simmons Professor of Africana Studies at Smith College. He is the editor of ten books and special issues of journals on Caribbean and Africana thought and author of Beyond Coloniality: Citizenship and Freedom in the Caribbean Intellectual Tradition (2019).Jovan Scott Lewis is associate professor in and chair of the Department of Geography at the University of California, Berkeley. His research examines the questions of racial capitalism, underdevelopment, and repair. He is author of Scammer’s Yard: The Crime of Black Repair in Jamaica (2020). His book on the consequences of the 1921 Tulsa race massacre, Violent Utopia: Dispossession and Restoration in Tulsa, is forthcoming.Susan C. Méndez is professor in the Department of English and Theatre at the University of Scranton. Many of her courses support the women’s and gender studies and Latin American studies programs. Her publications have appeared in journals such as Centro: Journal of the Center for Puerto Rican Studies, Chicana/Latina Studies, Afro-Hispanic Review, MaComère: The Journal of the Association of Caribbean Women Writers and Scholars, and Label Me Latina/o.Beverley Mullings is professor of feminist political economy in the Department of Geography and Planning at Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario. Her research interests include the transforming nature of work within racial capitalist regimes, the financialization of remittance economies, and the place of diaspora in the remaking of Caribbean radical traditions. Her publications have appeared in the Annals of the Association of American Geographers; Gender, Place, and Culture; the Journal of Economic Geography; Antipode; the Review of International Political Economy; Small Axe; Geoforum; and Environment and Planning A, among others.Patricia Noxolo teaches in the School of Geography at the University of Birmingham. Her research brings together the study of international development, culture, and in/security, and uses postcolonial, discursive, and literary approaches to explore the spatialities of a range of Caribbean and British cultural practices. Her recent work focuses on retheorizing Caribbean in/ securities, theorizations of space in Caribbean literature, Caribbean laughter and materialities, rethinking the decolonial city, and African Caribbean dance as embodied mapping. She is former chair of the Society for Caribbean Studies, coeditor of the journal Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, and member of the RACE group of the Royal Geographical Society.M. Nourbese Philip is an unembedded poet, essayist, novelist, playwright, and independent scholar who lives in the space-time of Toronto. A former lawyer, she has published the award-winning young adult novel Harriet’s Daughter (1988), the seminal poetry collection She Tries Her Tongue; Her Silence Softly Breaks (1989), the speculative prose poem Looking for Livingstone: An Odyssey of Silence (1991), and the genre-breaking book-length epic Zong! (2008). She is a Guggenheim and Rockefeller Fellow (Bellagio) and in 2020 was the recipient of the PEN/ Nabokov Award for Achievement in International Literature. In 2021 she was awarded the Arts Molson Prize by the Canada Council for “invaluable contributions to literature.”Timothy J. Reiss is professor emeritus at New York University. Since his 2012 retirement, he has twice been a visiting professor at Stanford University, and for three years he was a visiting scholar at the University of Hawai’i-Manoa. He is editor most recently of Ngũgĩ in the American Imperium (2021) and is currently finishing books on Descartes in his age’s political practice and thought and on the Renaissance as a stage in long continental and oceanic intercultural exchanges.Kevon Rhiney is assistant professor in the Department of Geography, Rutgers University, New Brunswick. Prior to joining the faculty at Rutgers, he held a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Oxford and taught for several years at the University of the West Indies, Mona. His research is situated at the nexus of critical development studies, decolonial thought, and human-environment geography.Gordon Rohlehr is emeritus professor of West Indian literature at the University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, where he worked from 1968 to 2007. His main areas of research and publication include West Indian literature (poetry, the novel), oral tradition, the calypso, popular culture, West Indies cricket, postindependence Caribbean politics, and Trinidad carnival. His main publications are Pathfinder: Black Awakening in “The Arrivants” of Edward Kamau Brathwaite (1981); Calypso and Society in Pre-independence Trinidad (1990); My Strangled City, and Other Essays (1992); The Shape of That Hurt, and Other Essays (1992); A Scuffling of Islands: Essays on Calypso (2004); Transgression, Transition, Transformation: Essays in Caribbean Culture (2007); Ancestories: Readings of Kamau Brathwaite’s “Ancestors” (2010); My Whole Life Is Calypso: Essays on Sparrow (2015); Perfected Fables Now: A Bookman Signs Off on Seven Decades (2019); and Musings, Mazes, Muses, Margins: A Memoir (2020).Elaine Savory has published widely on African and Caribbean literatures and, in recent years, environmental humanities. She coedited, with Carole Boyce Davies, Out of the Kumbla: Women and Caribbean Literature (1990), celebrated at Cornell University in 2021. In 2019, she gave the Earl Warner Memorial Lecture in Barbados. Her recent work includes essays on the breadfruit; fiction by Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o and Helon Habila; pedagogy for postcolonial environmental humanities; Caribbean theater and Earl Warner; Jean Rhys; and Kamau Brathwaite. An ecocritical study of Caribbean literature, which includes a chapter on Kamau, is in progress. She is emeritus professor of literary studies at the New School.Chelsea Stieber is associate professor of French and francophone studies at Catholic University of America, Washington, DC. She is author of Haiti’s Paper War: Post-independence Writing, Civil War, and the Making of the Republic, 1804–1954 (2020), and coeditor, with Brandon Byrd, of the critical translation of Louis Joseph Janvier’s Haiti for the Haitians (forthcoming). Her scholarship and essays have appeared in academic journals, including Francosphères, French Studies, and Contemporary French Civilization, and on digital platforms such as Africa Is a Country, the Abusable Past (Radical History Review), and Public Books. She is currently working on a new project on Caribbean fascism, for which she was awarded an ACLS fellowship for the academic year 2020–21.Gio Swaby (whose images appear on the cover of this issue) is a Bahamian mixed-media artist whose practice encompasses installation, textiles, collage, performance, and video. Her work revolves around an exploration of identity, more specifically, the intersections of Blackness and womanhood, with attention to the ways this physical identity can serve as a positive force of connection and closeness, while also examining its imposed relationship to otherness. As she states, “I want my work to function as a love letter of sorts to Black women.” Swaby was raised in Nassau, where she obtained her AA at the College of The Bahamas. She is a graduate of the Emily Carr University of Art + Design in Vancouver, Canada, and is currently an MFA candidate at OCAD University in Toronto.Leanna Thomas is a White settler doctoral candidate at the University of New Brunswick, Canada. Prior to attending UNB, she studied at the University of Central Florida, where she examined Acadians’ resettlement in Louisiana following their deportation from Canada. She has published in Louisiana History and Acadiensis. The recipient of a Canadian federal Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council scholarship, she is currently comparing how twentieth-century literature has contributed to creating historical narratives of resilience and survival for francophone communities under colonialism in Atlantic Canada and the Caribbean.

Pope Francis’s Apostolic Letter on the Ministry of the Catechist: Transcription of a Conversation with Bishop Andrew Cozzens, on Echoing Faith Today, a Podcast, June 1, 2021, Hosted by Dr. Jem Sullivan

Pope Francis’s Apostolic Letter on the Ministry of the CatechistTranscription of a Conversation with Bishop Andrew Cozzens, on Echoing Faith Today, a Podcast, June 1, 2021, Hosted by Dr. Jem Sullivan Bishop Andrew Cozzens (bio) and Jem Sullivan, Ph.D (bio) Dr. Jem Sullivan: Welcome to “Echoing Faith Today,” a podcast conversation on themes of impact and relevance in the new Directory for Catechesis from the Pontifical Council for the Promotion of the New Evangelization, Rome. I’m Dr. Jem Sullivan, host and faculty in the School of Theology and Religious Studies at the Catholic University of America. On this podcast we hear from scholars, experts, and those in pastoral ministry. So welcome back and thank you for taking your place at this table of conversation. Dr. Jem Sullivan: Joining us on this podcast is Bishop Andrew Cozzens, Auxiliary Bishop of the Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. (Note: since the interview, Bishop Cozzens was appointed Bishop of Crookston, Minnesota). Bishop Cozzens is Chairman of the USCCB Committee on Evangelization and Catechesis and he graciously agreed to join us to discuss Pope Francis’ Apostolic Letter on the Ministry of Catechist, Antiquum Ministerium. Bishop Cozzens, thank you for your time today. We are very grateful for your virtual presence with us in the School of Theology and Religious Studies at The Catholic University of America. Welcome to the podcast! Bishop Andrew Cozzens: Thank you Dr. Sullivan, it’s a delight to be with you. Dr. Jem Sullivan: A year ago in June 2020, at the height of the global pandemic, the Pontifical Council for the Promotion of the New Evangelization, Rome, published a Directory for Catechesis, the third of its kind. [End Page 79] About a year later we received Pope Francis’ Apostolic Letter, Antiquum Ministerium, instituting a lay Ministry of Catechist. Please share with our audience your thoughts on the significance of this initiative of Pope Francis. Why is the institution of a lay Ministry of Catechist important for the universal Church? Bishop Andrew Cozzens: As you point out the new Directory for Catechesis is important for the whole Church. It is a beautiful document that has been in the works for many years. It did come out in the middle of the pandemic and the document is at the heart of what it means to do the work of catechesis in the Church today. It really emphasizes, I think in a beautiful way, the role of catechesis in evangelization and that we are about an evangelizing catechesis. This new document presents evangelization as the general background to catechesis. And it’s a very comprehensive document as it talks about all aspects of catechesis. It also highlights the vocation of the catechist. And I like the fact that it highlights the missionary character of the whole Church. When Pope Francis institutes this new ministry, he’s really putting catechesis at the heart of what we do in the new evangelization. In this way the document emphasizes even more Pope Francis’ own words emphasizing even more the missionary commitment proper to every baptized person. It goes back to the first document of his pontificate, The Joy of the Gospel, where he talked about what it means to be a missionary disciple. There are lots of ways to be a missionary disciple but one of them is to be a catechist. I think it’s important to recognize too that the ministry of catechist is not new. There have always been catechists in the Church and the Code of Canon Law speaks clearly about catechists. Especially in mission countries we’ve seen, for a long time, the important role that catechists play in places where there is a dearth of priestly vocations. It’s often the catechist who runs the local parish and may even baptize children or witness marriages and be in charge of the parish. There might be fifteen or twenty of these outpost parishes that the priest doesn’t get to very often. That will continue now and those catechists will have an officially instituted ministry. But this document is much broader than that. It expands the role of the catechist to the whole Church. And in...

Major Themes in the Directory for Catechesis: Transcription of an "Echoing Faith Today" Podcast Conversation with Archbishop Rino Fisichella, Dicastery for Evangelization, Rome, October 19, 2020

Major Themes in the Directory for CatechesisTranscription of an "Echoing Faith Today" Podcast Conversation with Archbishop Rino Fisichella, Dicastery for Evangelization, Rome, October 19, 2020 Archbishop Rino Fisichella (bio) and Jem Sullivan (bio) Dr. Jem Sullivan: Welcome to Echoing Faith Today, a podcast conversation on themes of impact and relevance in the new Directory for Catechesis from the Pontifical Council for the Promotion of the New Evangelization. (Note: Dicastery for Evangelization since June 2022). I'm Dr. Jem Sullivan, host and faculty in the School of Theology and Religious Studies at The Catholic University of America. On this podcast, we hear from scholars, experts, and those serving on the front lines of pastoral ministry. So, welcome back. And thank you for taking your place at this table of conversation. Dr. Jem Sullivan: In this podcast, it is my privilege to welcome His Excellency, Archbishop Rino Fisichella, president of the Pontifical Council for the Promotion of the New Evangelization. Archbishop Fisichella was a professor of fundamental theology for twenty years at the Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome, and served as Rector of the Pontifical Lateran University. In 2010, Pope Benedict XVI appointed him to serve as the first President of the Pontifical Council for the Promotion of the New Evangelization. In 2013, he was appointed President of the International Council for Catechesis. In June 2020, Archbishop Fisichella presented the Directory for Catechesis to the universal Church at a Vatican press conference. Archbishop Fisichella joins us from Rome to discuss the new Directory for Catechesis. Your Excellency, thank you very much for joining us today from Rome. Welcome to the podcast. I'm grateful for your time and we look forward to learning about the Directory for Catechesis. [End Page 203] Archbishop Rino Fisichella: Thank you for inviting me. My greetings to all who are following this podcast conversation. Dr. Jem Sullivan: This long-awaited Directory for Catechesis has twelve chapters divided into three parts, and today we focus on its major themes. But first, a general question. At the press conference to present the Directory for Catechesis you noted that the publication of a catechetical directory is a joyful event in the life of the Church. Please share with our listeners how the publication of this directory is a moment of joyful hope for the Church today. Archbishop Rino Fisichella: I will say that the publication of this catechetical directory is a joyful event because it shows the dynamic nature of catechesis in the life of the Church. Catechesis cannot be static. Catechesis should be a dynamic event in the Church. We should remember the beautiful expression in Lumen Gentium, the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, when the Council Fathers wrote, "Ecclesia semper reformanda." That means the Church always needs development. And this catechetical directory is part of that process and should be understood, first of all, within this process of development. This is the third directory, so we have continuity in the development of catechesis. Because catechesis does not remain on one side of the life of the Church, but belongs to the heart, to the center of the Christian life. Dr. Jem Sullivan: When you speak of continuity, we are reminded that there is continuity and innovation that marks this catechetical directory. When you presented the directory to the universal Church you offered theological, ecclesial and cultural reasons for a new directory. What are the distinct needs of the Church today that shaped this catechetical directory? Archbishop Rino Fisichella: We should consider two main points in order to understand the redaction and also the originality of this directory. First of all, I will note the cultural context, and secondly, the ecclesial context in the life of the Church during the last twenty years. I think the first point is very important, especially for the future and for new generations, and in order to understand the originality of the directory. We face a very big challenge in the form of digital culture. Normally, we don't think about it. We use [End Page 204] it as an instrument and we forget that behind the instruments, we have a very original and powerful cultural reality. There is a difference from the...

Scribleriana

Distinguished scholar of Dryden and other Restoration and early eighteenth-century authors, Anne Barbeau Gardiner died at home in Brewster, NY, on October 19, 2020. Born in New Hampshire to a French-Canadian mother in 1938, she attended a French-Canadian boarding school and the Villa Augustina Academy before taking her BA in English from the University of New Hampshire and her PhD from City University of New York (1968). She taught English at CUNY’s John Jay College from 1970 until retirement in 1996; she met there and married her colleague Thomas J. Gardiner. Following his death in 1997, she moved to Brewster, NY.Anne published her revised dissertation as The Intellectual Design of John Dryden’s Heroic Plays (Yale, 1970), in which she argues that in five heroic plays Dryden has his characters embody ideas and values that are tested in the action of the play. In 1998 she published Ancient Faith and Modern Revelation in John Dryden’s “The Hind and the Panther” (Catholic University of America, 1998), praised in a Scriblerian review by Kevin J. Berland thus: “rich in detail and persuasive analysis, arranged in concise, well-argued chapters, . . . . a model of scrupulous attention to detail. . . . it is both accessible and erudite.”Anne published two dozen articles on Dryden and two dozen more on other Restoration and eighteenth-century figures, many on major figures but also on such unsung heroes as the Catholic Abraham Woodhead and the royalist Elizabeth Cellier. She also wrote on Continental authors like Bayle and Spinoza and their influence on English literature.Although she produced encyclopedia essays on Dryden (2007) and Oldham (1993), she more often preferred argument to exposition, at times nobly assertive to a degree that could be termed “adversarial” or “feisty,” as others working on Dryden came to recognize. She advocated for the honesty of the converted Dryden and his political and religious positions, a partisanship that led her to devout portraits of Dryden and Swift, and to sketch the plight of Catholics and Jacobites suffering under the sham propaganda and villainy of Whigs. Hence in reviewing David Bywaters’s Dryden in Revolutionary England for the Scriblerian 24.2 (Spring 1992, 182–184) she faults his inattention to religion and his supposing Dryden’s positions were a “rhetorical strategy” to avoid attacks for apostasy and inconstancy.Anne was a workhorse in reviewing, including at least 21 reviews in Scriblerian between 1977 and 2010, usually in detail and at length (her four reviews make up 10% of the 1999 double-issue). She also produced devotional literature for fellow Roman Catholics, translating Michel de la Sainte Trinité’s The Third Secret of Fatima (1991) and translating and editing St. John Fisher’s Exposition of Seven Penitential Psalms (1998), a very substantial project. After 2010 most of Anne’s publications appear in Catholic journals and either praise the exemplary or argue contemporary issues involving abortion, the death penalty, “deep ecology,” education, sexuality, and Catholic theology. Her passion for Restoration controversies was redirected toward related topics in our world. For decades she advocated for and ministered to death-row inmates, maintaining dozens of correspondences, often signing off with “A truckloads of hugs, Momma Bear.” On this charity and her saintly character, see “Anne Barbeau Gardiner R.I.P.” by her friend and fellow Catholic writer David Mills at https:// catholicherald.co.uk/ch/anne-barbeau-gardiner-rip/.Irwin Primer of Maplewood, NJ, died on December 1, 2020, at the age of 91, survived by his wife, Blossom, sons Jeremy and Joel, and grandchildren. He took his BA from Brooklyn College in 1949, and, after a brief period at Columbia, completed his MA and PhD in English at Yale (1954, 1961). From 1958 until his retirement in 1998, he taught English at Rutgers-Newark.Irwin’s primary scholarly interest was in the works of Bernard Mandeville, beginning with an edition of Fable of the Bees (Capricorn, 1962), followed by an edited collection, Mandeville Studies: New Explorations in the Art and Thought of Dr. Bernard Mandeville (Nijhof, 1975), to which he contributed “Mandeville and Shaftesbury: Some Facts and Problems.” In the 1970s and 80s he worked with Bernhard Fabian (Münster) on a collected edition of Mandeville employing facsimile reproductions with introductions and textual and critical notes (G. Olms, 1981–1990); four volumes were published, A Treatise of the Hypochondriack and Hysterical Diseases (1981); Fable of the Bees, Part II (1981); Free Thoughts on Religion, the Church, and National Happiness (1987); and An Enquiry into the Origin of Honour and the Usefulness of Christianity in War (1990). Another edition of Free Thoughts, again edited by Primer, was published by Transaction Publishers (2000).Among his other publications we note Seneca Unmasqued: A Bilingual Edition of Aphra Behn’s Translation of La Rochefoucald’s“Maximes” (AMS Press, 2001; Moral Maxims by the Duke de la Roche Foucault Translated from the French with Notes (1749). A Dual Language Edition with an Introduction and Further Notes (Delaware, 2003); and his last important work, Bernard Mandeville’s “A Modest Defence of Publick Stews”: Prostitution and its Discontents in Early Georgian England (Palgrave Macmillan, 2007).Irwin was an active member of ASECS, EC/ASECS, and the Columbia Seminar on the Eighteenth Century, and participated in the online-community PhilPeople.From Wolfram Eilenberger’s Time of the Magicians: Wittgenstein, Benjamin, Cassirer, Heidegger, and the Decade That Reinvented Philosophy, translated by Shaun Whiteside (Penguin, 2020). It is 1926 and Walter Benjamin, having suffered bouts of depression for months, is in Marseille openly contemplating suicide. Eilenberger writes: “It didn’t happen ultimately. Rather than bring his life to a premature end, Benjamin locked himself away in a hotel room for three weeks and read Laurence Sterne’s novel Tristram Shandy. The constantly ironic, sometimes simply silly tone of the work may have saved Benjamin’s life in the late days of September 1926. Literature can do that” (281).In the Autumn 2020 Scriblerian (vol. 53.1, pp. 51–56), Derek Taylor and Melvyn New described two slips laid into a copy of the first edition of John Norris and Mary Astell’s Letters Concerning the Love of God (1696), as a “small mystery,” the mystery being why and how they got there and who wrote them. The copy had been purchased in a used book shop a few miles from Bemerton, pointing perhaps to Norris as the possible author. However, Ruth Perry has responded to our note by indicating that she saw those notes decades earlier in a copy that was either at Harvard or the Bodleian (she is unable to remember which) and in fact made photocopies of both slips. So, it appears that the copy sold in Bemerton was either stolen from the library or, less likely given the value of the first edition, de-accessioned. Where is Jane Marple when we need her?

Judge rules against student‐athlete

Case name: Cavalier v. The Catholic University of America, No. 16‐2009 (D. D.C. 01/12/21).

Judge rules against student‐athlete

Case name: Cavalier v. The Catholic University of America, No. 16‐2009 (D. D.C. 01/12/21).

Judge rules against student‐athlete

Case name: Cavalier v. The Catholic University of America, No. 16‐2009 (D. D.C. 01/12/21).